General

Amnesty International, Human Rights and Oil in Nigeria AFR 44/023/2004, 2004

Amnesty International, Nigeria: Making the destitute homeless - forced evictions in Makoko, 2006 AFR 44/001/2006, 2006

Best, Shedrack Gaya, Alamveabee Efhiraim Idyorough, and Zainab Bayero Shehu, ‘Communal conflicts and the possibilities of conflicts resolution in Nigeria: a case study of the Tiv-Jukun conflicts in Wukari local government area, Taraba state,' in Aonigu Otite and Isaac Olawale Albert (eds.), Community conflicts in Nigeria: management, resolution and transformation, Lagos: Academic Associates PeaceWorks, 1999

DawoduNet: http://www.dawodu.net

Diamond, L., Class, Ethnicity and Democracy in Nigeria, Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1988.
Edo Nation: http://www.edo-nation.net

‘Efik.' Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 10th October 2006, retrieved 16 May 2007, www.concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9032062/Efik

Human Rights Watch/Africa, Nigeria: Dawn of the New Dark Age, New York, 1995.

Human Rights Watch/Africa, Nigeria: The Ogoni Crisis, New York, 1995.

Human Rights Watch, ‘Jos: a city torn apart ‘ December 2001

Human Rights Watch,‘ Nigeria: Military revenge in Benue: A population under attack', April 2002 Vol. 14, No. 2 (A)

Human Rights Watch, ‘They Do Not Own This Place' Government Discrimination Against ‘Non-Indigenes' in Nigeria; April 2006 Volume 18, No. 3(A)

Human Rights Watch, ‘They Do Not Own This Place',April 2006, retrieved 16 May 2007, http://hrw.org/reports/2006/nigeria0406/7.htm

Human Rights Watch, ‘Nigeria: revenge in the name of religion' Ch. 3 The conflict in Plateau State, May 2005, retrieved 16 May 2007, http://hrw.org/reports/2005/nigeria0505/3.htm

Ijaw Nation Now: http://www.ijaw.net

International Crisis Group, Nigeria: Failed Elections, Failing State?, May 2007.

International Crisis Group (2006) Nigeria's Faltering Federal Experiment Africa Report N°119, 25 October 2006

International Crisis Group, Nigeria: Want in the Midst of Plenty, Brussels Africa Report N°113; 19 July 2006

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, NIGERIA: Heightened risk of violence and displacement ahead of 2007 elections, 2006

International Society for Human Rights Genocide and Nigerian Army massacre of Tiv civilians in central Nigeria, retrieved 17 February 2007, http://www.ishr.org/sections-groups/wac/tiv.htm

Isa-Odidi, Nabila, Ethnic Conflict in Plateau State: The Need to Eliminate the Indigene/Settler Dichotomy in Nigeria 12 No. 1 Hum. Rts. Brief 21, 2004

Johnson, D. P Jnr (1999) ‘Igbo' in Africana; Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience eds: K A Appiah and H L Gates (New York: Basic/Civitas Books)

Koelle, W., Polyglotta African, in Udo, E. U. The History of the Annang People, Apcon Press Ltd. Calabar, Nigeria, 1983

Legborsi Saro Pyagbara, The Ogoni of Nigeria: Oil and Exploitation, Minority Rights Group and Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni, 2003

Messenger, John Cowan, Anang Acculturations: A Study of Shifting Cultural Focus. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University, 1957

Nnoli, O., Ethnicity and Development in Nigeria, Aldershot, Avebury, 1996.

Osaghae, Eghosa E., Ethnicity and its Management in Africa. Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Advanced Social Science, 1997

Suberu, R.T., ‘The travails of federalism in Nigeria', in Diamond, L. and Plattner, M.F. (eds), Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Democracy, Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.

UNDP Nigeria Country Office Nigeria: National Development Report 2004

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘NIGERIA: Focus on tension between communities in Kaduna State', IRIN-News 22 November 2001

University of Maryland Minorities at Risk project, http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/data

USAID/Nigeria/Democracy and Governance Civil Society APS, 2002-2003, retrieved May 16 2007, www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2001/nigeria.htm

Igbo (Ibo)

Johnson, D. P Jnr (1999) ‘Igbo' in Africana; Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience eds: K A Appiah and H L Gates (New York: Basic/Civitas Books)

Delta minority groups

Amnesty International, Human Rights and Oil in Nigeria AFR 44/023/2004, 2004
Human Rights Watch/Africa, Nigeria: The Ogoni Crisis, New York, 1995.

International Crisis Group, Nigeria: Want in the Midst of Plenty, Brussels Africa Report N°113; 19 July 2006.

Legborsi Saro Pyagbara, The Ogoni of Nigeria: Oil and Exploitation, Minority Rights Group and Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni, 2003

UNDP Nigeria Country Office Nigeria: National Development Report 2004

University of Maryland Minorities at Risk project, http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/data

Ijaw Nation Now: http://www.ijaw.net

Tiv

Best, Shedrack Gaya , Alamveabee Efhiraim Idyorough, and Zainab Bayero Shehu, ‘Communal conflicts and the possibilities of conflicts resolution in Nigeria: a case study of the Tiv-Jukun conflicts in Wukari local government area, Taraba state,' in Aonigu Otite and Isaac Olawale Albert (eds.), Community conflicts in Nigeria: management, resolution and transformation, Lagos: Academic Associates PeaceWorks, 1999

Human Rights Watch,‘ Nigeria: Military revenge in Benue: A population under attack', April 2002 Vol. 14, No. 2 (A)

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, NIGERIA: Heightened risk of violence and displacement ahead of 2007 elections, 2006.

International Society for Human Rights Genocide and Nigerian Army massacre of Tiv civilians in central Nigeria, retrieved 17 February 2007, http://www.ishr.org/sections-groups/wac/tiv.htm

Ibibio-Efik

‘Efik.' Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 10th October 2006, retrieved 16 May 2007, www.concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9032062/Efik

Edo

Edo Nation: http://www.edo-nation.net

DawoduNet: http://www.dawodu.net

Plateau state minority groups

Human Rights Watch, ‘Jos: a city torn apart ‘ December 2001

Human Rights Watch, ‘ Nigeria: revenge in the name of religion' Ch. 3 The conflict in Plateau State, May 2005, retrieved 16 May 2007, http://hrw.org/reports/2005/nigeria0505/3.htm

Human Rights Watch, ‘They Do Not Own This Place',April 2006, retrieved 16 May 2007, http://hrw.org/reports/2006/nigeria0406/7.htm

Isa-Odidi, Nabila, Ethnic Conflict in Plateau State: The Need to Eliminate the Indigene/Settler Dichotomy in Nigeria 12 No. 1 Hum. Rts. Brief 21, 2004.

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