General

‘About Kammu': person.sol.lu.se/DamrongTayanin/kammu.html

Asian Development Bank, ‘Ethnic Minority Development Framework for Forest Plantation Development Project', August 2005, URL: http://www.adb.org/Documents/IndigenousPeoples/LAO/31344-01-ppta-emdp.pdf

Baird, I. and Shoemaker, B., Aiding or Abetting? Internal Resettlement and International Aid Agencies in the Lao PDR, Probe International, 2005, URL: http://www.probeinternational.org/pi/documents/mekong/AidingOrAbetting.pdf

CERD, Conclusions and recommendations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Lao People's Democratic Republic, UN Doc. CERD/C/LAO/CO/15 (2005), URL: http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/country/lao2005.html

Chazée, L., The Peoples of Laos Rural and Ethnic Diversities, Bangkok, White Lotus, 1999.

Community Portrait: Khmu: www.wildflowers.org/community/LaoKhmu/khmu_portrait

Enfield, N.J., ‘Languages as historical documents: the endangered archive in Laos, 2004', South East Asia Research, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 471-88, URL: http://www.mpi.nl/world/persons/private/enfni/Enfield_2004_Languages_as_documents.pdf

Evrard, O., ‘La mise en œuvre de la réforme foncière au Laos: impacts sociaux et effets sur les conditions de vie en milieu rural', Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, January 2004, URL: http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/ad685f/ad685f00.HTM

Fédération international des ligues des droits de l'homme: Laos, URL: http://www.fidh.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=110

Gunn, G., Rebellion in Laos: Peasant and Politics in a Colonial Backwater, Boulder, CO, Westview Press, 1990.

Hartmann, J., ‘Linguistic and historical continuities of the Tai Dam and
Lao Phuan: case studies in boundary crossings', URL: http://www.seasite.niu.edu/hartmann/hartmann/SEALS%20XIV%20Presentation.doc

Hmong Lao Radio: http://www.h-lr.com/

Hmong Studies Resource Center: hmongstudies.org

Indigenous Peoples in Laos, International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs: www.iwgia.org/sw17151.asp

International Labour Organization, Policy Study on Ethnic Minority Issues in Rural Development, February 2000, URL: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/norm/egalite/itpp/activity/laos/policystudy.pdf

International Labour Organization, Policy Study on Ethnic Minority Issues in Rural Development, February 2000, URL: www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/norm/egalite/itpp/activity/laos/policystudy.pdf

International Workshop on the Hmong, Hmong/Miao in Asia, Silkworm Books, 2004.

Izikowitz, K.G., ‘Notes about the Tai', URL: www.seasite.niu.edu/tai/TaiDam/article1.htm

Karkas, E., NGOs, Minority Women and Microfinance Focus on the Lao PDR, Concern Worldwide, 9 December 1999.

Lao Human Rights Resources: http://home.vicnet.net.au/~lao/laovl/rights.htm

Lao UNESCO Committee, UNESCO Conference on Safeguarding and Promoting the Intangible Heritage of the Minority Peoples in PDR Laos, Vientiane, 1996.

Learn About Hmong: www.learnabouthmong.com

Lee, Mai Na, ‘The dream of the Hmong kingdom: resistance, collaboration, and legitimacy under French colonialism (1893-1955), PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2005.

Les droits de l'homme au Laos: http://www.laosnet.org/humanrights/default.htm

Les ethnies lao: laos.luangprabang.free.fr/geographie/ethnies.htm

Lewis, J. (ed.) Minority Cultures of Laos: Kammu, Lua', Lahu, Hmong, and Iu-Mien, Rancho Cordova, CA, Southeast Asia Community Resource Center, 1992, URL: http://www.seacrc.org/

Lindell, K. et al., Tribe Kammu of Northern Laos and Thailand: Folklore and Folk Literature, Chinese Association for Folklore, 1984.

Luang namtha: Ethnic Groups: www.theboatlanding.com/ethnic.html

Milloy, M. and Payne, M., ‘My way and the highway: ethnic people and development in the Lao PDR', in D. McCaskill and K. Kampe (eds), Development or Domestication? Indigenous Peoples of Southeast Asia, Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 1998.

Northern Illinois University, ‘Tai Dam language, literature, and culture', URL: www.seasite.niu.edu/Tai/TaiDam/index.htm

Oudineau, Y.G. (ed.), Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures: Promoting Heritage, Paris, UNESCO, 2003.

Ovesen, J., A Minority Enters the Nation State: A Case Study of a Hmong Community in Vientiane Province, Laos, Uppsala, Sweden, Uppsala University Press, 1995.

Pourret, J., The Yao: The Mien and Mun Yao in China, Vietnam, Laos and Thailand, Bangkok, River Press, 2002.

Quincy, K., Hmong: The History of a People, Cheney, WA, Eastern Washington University Press, 2003.

Stuart-Fox, M. (ed.), Contemporary Laos, New York, St Martin's Press, 1982.

Tayanin, Damrong, ‘Being Kammu, my life and my village', Southeast Asia Program Series No. 14, Cornell University, 1994.

The Kammu: www.everyculture.com/wc/Japan-to-Mali/Kammu.html

Walsh, J., ‘The Khmu Rok people of Laos', March 2005, URL: www.suite101.com/article.cfm/east_asian_history/114999

World Bank, Ethnic Groups, Gender, and Poverty Eradication: Case Study from a Khmou Lue Community in Oudomxay Province, December 2004, URL: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLAOPRD/Resources/wb_gender_and_em-1.pdf

Zasloff, J. and Unger, L. (eds), Laos: Beyond the Revolution, New York, St Martin's Press, 1991.

Lao Theung

About Kammu: www.ling.lu.se/persons/Damrong/kammu1

Community Portrait: Khmu: www.wildflowers.org/community/LaoKhmu/khmu_portrait

Gunn, G., Rebellion in Laos: Peasant and Politics in a Colonial Backwater, Boulder, CO, Westview Press, 1990.

Les ethnies lao: http://laos.luangprabang.free.fr/geographie/ethnies.htm

Lewis, J. (ed.) Minority Cultures of Laos: Kammu, Lua', Lahu, Hmong, and Iu-Mien, Rancho Cordova, CA, Southeast Asia Community Resource Center, 1992, URL: http://www.seacrc.org/

Lindell, K. et al., Tribe Kammu of Northern Laos and Thailand: Folklore and Folk Literature, Chinese Association for Folklore, 1984.

Tayanin, Damrong, ‘Being Kammu, my life and my village', Southeast Asia Program Series No. 14, Cornell University, 1994.

The Kammu: www.everyculture.com/wc/Japan-to-Mali/Kammu.html

Walsh, J., ‘The Khmu Rok people of Laos', March 2005, URL: www.suite101.com/article.cfm/east_asian_history/114999

Lao Sung

Akha Human Rights: www.akha.org/content/humanrights/index.html

Baird, I. and Shoemaker, B., Aiding or Abetting? Internal Resettlement and International Aid Agencies in the Lao PDR, Probe International, 2005, URL: http://www.probeinternational.org/pi/documents/mekong/AidingOrAbetting.pdf

Hmong Studies Resource Center: hmongstudies.org

Lao UNESCO Committee, UNESCO Conference on Safeguarding and Promoting the Intangible Heritage of the Minority Peoples in PDR Laos, Vientiane, 1996.

Learn About Hmong: www.learnabouthmong.com

Lee, Gary Y., ‘Minority policies and the Hmong in Laos', in M. Stuart-Fox (ed.), Contemporary Laos, St Luciaa, Queensland University Press, URL: http://www.hmongnet.org/hmong-au/hmong82a.htm

Lee, Mai Na, ‘The dream of the Hmong kingdom: resistance, collaboration, and legitimacy under French colonialism (1893-1955)', PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2005.

Les ethnies lao: laos.luangprabang.free.fr/geographie/ethnies.htm

Lewis, J. (ed.) Minority Cultures of Laos: Kammu, Lua', Lahu, Hmong, and Iu-Mien, Rancho Cordova, CA, Southeast Asia Community Resource Center, 1992, URL: http://www.seacrc.org/

Pourret, J., The Yao: The Mien and Mun Yao in China, Vietnam, Laos and Thailand, Bangkok, River Press, 2002.

Quincy, K., Hmong: The History of a People, Cheney, WA, Eastern Washington University Press, 2003.

Tapp, N., Muchaud, J., Culas, C. and Lee, Gary Yia (eds), Hmong/Miao in Asia (International Workshop on the Hmong), Chiang Mai, Silkworm Books, 2004.

Virtual Hilltribe Museum: http://www.hilltribe.org/

Hmong Homepage: http://www.hmongnet.org/ 

Tai and other hill peoples

Chazée, L., The Peoples of Laos: Rural and Ethnic Diversities, Bangkok, White Lotus, 1999.

Evrard, O., ‘La mise en œuvre de la réforme foncière au Laos: impacts sociaux et effets sur les conditions de vie en milieu rural', Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, January 2004, URL: http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/ad685f/ad685f00.HTM

Fédération international des ligues des droits de l'homme: Laos, http://www.fidh.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=110

Hartmann, J., ‘Linguistic and historical continuities of the Tai Dam and
Lao Phuan: case studies in boundary crossings', URL: http://www.seasite.niu.edu/hartmann/hartmann/SEALS%20XIV%20Presentation.doc

International Labour Organization, Policy Study on Ethnic Minority Issues in Rural Development, February 2000, URL: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/norm/egalite/itpp/activity/laos/policystudy.pdf

Izikowitz, K.G., ‘Notes about the Tai', 2003, URL: http://www.seasite.niu.edu/tai/TaiDam/article1.htm

Lao Human Rights Resources: http://home.vicnet.net.au/~lao/laovl/rights.htm

Les droits de l'homme au Laos: http://www.laosnet.org/humanrights/default.htm

Northern Illinois University, ‘Tai Dam language, literature, and culture', URL: http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tai/TaiDam/index.htm

Oudineau, Y.G. (ed.), Laos and Ethnic Minority Cultures: Promoting Heritage, Paris, UNESCO, 2003.

Stuart-Fox, M. (ed.), Contemporary Laos, New York, St Martin's Press, 1982.

Virtual Hilltribe Museum: http://www.hilltribe.org/

Hmong Homepage: http://www.hmongnet.org/

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Ethnic diversity in Luang Namtha - Laos
Photographs taken between 2002 and 2009

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Posted by Kees Sprengers on 9 March 2009
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